| It is precisely these frustrations of sexual life which | | | | this civilization. However, a man cannot stop wishing |
| people known as neurotics cannot tolerate. The | | | | satisfaction, which he receives from the act of |
| neurotic creates substitutive satisfactions for himself | | | | aggression. He simply, 'does not feel comfortable |
| in his symptoms, and these either cause him suffering | | | | without it'' (Freud 69-72). Thus, the society tries to |
| in themselves or become sources of suffering for | | | | limit our aggressive instincts and civilization imposes |
| him by raising difficulties in his relations with his | | | | great sacrifices not only on man's sexuality but on his |
| environment and the society he belongs to. The | | | | aggressivity. Consequently, a man cannot be happy in |
| latter fact is easy to understand; the former | | | | a society that imposes restrictions on a person's |
| presents us with a new problem. But civilization | | | | behavior. Sigmund Freud stresses that primitive men |
| demands other sacrifices besides that of sexual | | | | were happy as they knew no restrictions of instinct. |
| satisfaction. Another sacrifice besides that of sexual | | | | Phaedre fell in love with Hippolytus and her love |
| satisfaction is death. Phaedre suffers too much and | | | | became a destructive instinct, which transformed into |
| she can bear this pain no longer: | | | | aggressiviness. Undoubtedly, there is a connection |
| There is a limit to all suffering and I have reached it. / | | | | between aggression and Eros. This connection |
| I am the unhappiest of women. (265) | | | | becomes visible when Phaedre's love transforms into |
| Man is aggressive by his nature. A man's aggression is | | | | revenge towards her love-object and three stages - |
| his original instinctual disposition (Freud 81). Phaedre | | | | outcomes of the feeling and the reaction of |
| from 'Hippolytus' is an example of aggressive | | | | Hippolytus towards this feeling - are connected and |
| behavior. She does not receive what she wants and | | | | are put into a chain. As Sigmund Freud points out, |
| her aggressiveness awakens. Her aggressiveness was | | | | 'love strives after objects, and its chief function, |
| waiting for some provocation. Phaedre's passion is | | | | favored in every way by nature, is the preservation |
| stronger than reasonable interests. Thus, civilization | | | | of the species. Consequently, ego-instincts and |
| attempts to set limits to aggressive behavior within | | | | object-instincts confronted each other' (76). |